Pulmonary Embolism & Deep Vein Thrombosis
Deep Trouble
After ankle surgery or a serious injury, most people focus on bone healing, pain management, and mobility tools. But there’s another risk that sometimes gets overlooked: blood clots. These can develop in the deep veins of the leg (called deep vein thrombosis, or DVT) and, if they travel to the lungs, may cause a potentially life-threatening pulmonary embolism (PE). Knowing what these conditions are, their warning signs, and how to help prevent them can make your recovery safer.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice. Always talk to your doctor about your individual risks, especially after surgery or injury.
What is Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?
How it happens:
DVT occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the lower leg. After ankle surgery or injury, reduced mobility and swelling can slow circulation, making clot formation more likely.
Common symptoms:
Swelling in the calf or leg (sometimes just one side).
Pain or tenderness, often worse when standing or walking.
Redness or warmth over the affected area.
Cautions:
Not all DVTs cause obvious symptoms. Some may remain silent until they become serious.
What is Pulmonary Embolism (PE)?
How it happens:
A pulmonary embolism occurs when part of a blood clot breaks loose, travels through the bloodstream, and lodges in the lungs. This can block blood flow and lower oxygen levels, creating a medical emergency.
Common symptoms:
Sudden shortness of breath.
Chest pain that may worsen with deep breathing.
Rapid heartbeat or lightheadedness.
Coughing up blood (in severe cases).
Cautions:
Pulmonary embolisms can be life-threatening. If you experience these symptoms, seek emergency medical care immediately.
Why Ankle Surgery and Injury Increase the Risk
Reduced mobility: Being less active slows blood flow in the legs.
Swelling and inflammation: These can make clot formation more likely.
Immobilization devices: Casts, boots, and splints can reduce calf muscle movement, which normally helps pump blood.
Surgery itself: Procedures can increase clotting risk due to tissue injury and changes in blood chemistry.
How to Help Prevent DVT and PE
Medications (Anticoagulants)
How they help: Blood-thinning medications reduce the chance of clot formation after surgery.
Cautions: Only use under medical supervision; they can increase bleeding risk.
Compression Stockings
How they help: Gentle pressure improves circulation in the legs.
Benefits: Non-invasive and widely recommended for clot prevention.
Movement and Physical Therapy
How it helps: Even simple foot and leg exercises can improve blood flow.
Tips: Flexing the toes, wiggling the foot, or doing light movement as cleared by your doctor can help reduce clot risk.
Hydration
How it helps: Staying hydrated keeps blood flowing smoothly.
Cautions: Avoid excess caffeine or alcohol, which can contribute to dehydration.
Monitoring and Awareness
Why it matters: Knowing the symptoms of DVT and PE can lead to faster treatment and better outcomes.
Final Thoughts on Blood Clot Risks After Ankle Surgery
DVT and pulmonary embolism are rare but serious complications after ankle surgery or injury. By staying aware, following your doctor’s recommendations, staying active when possible, and recognizing early warning signs, you can lower your risk and recover more safely.
DVT isn’t that rare: a 2024 study found that the incidence of DVT following foot and ankle surgery is 14.7%, with significant risk factors including acute trauma, previous DVT history, and advanced age. The bottom line is to move those toes and that leg, and consider low dose adult aspirin or another preventative.